Analyzation of By Any Means Necessary Essays - Identity Politics

Analyzation of By Any Means Necessary Essays - Identity Politics Analyzation of "By Any Means Necessary" Danielle Dawkins Principles of Speech Howard University November 26, 2017 Malcolm X, a brilliant and radical Black Nationalist Leader, delivered his "By Any Means Necessary" speech at the Founding Rally of the Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU) in June of 1964. He delivered his speech in the Audobon Ballroom in Washington Heights, which is bordered by Harlem to the south. This exact place plays a major role in his technique, as Harlem was a predominantly black neighborhood in Manhattan. It's safe to assume that he wanted to start his organization and amplify his message of black liberation in a densely populated area mostly occupied by African Americans. Malcom's goal was to create an ideology, and outlined in is speech was an ideograph that consisted of the following sections: Establishment, Self-defense, Education, Politics Economics, Social. As he elaborated on each of the five sections, he utilized rhetorical devices through zealous language that implanted the central theme of "by any means necessary" in the minds of millions across the natio n. One should understand that Malcom's central theme was not a cry of revenge, but a cry for unification and self-reliance of African Americans. The topics and the sheer arrangement allows for a better flow and it ultimately helped Malcom drill down his message. Malcom began his speech with the words, "Salaam Alaikum" meaning "Peace be onto you". He then continued to acknowledge everyone in the audience, including his enemies. It's interesting that he should do that, but in his own words, ".You'll get freedom by letting your enemy know you'll get anything to get freedom" Not only did he establish a common ground with his "brothers" and "sisters", but he also established somewhat of an odd mutual understanding between him and his adversaries. The entirety of Malcolm's speech follows a timeline. He begins by explaining that he had been in Mecca, which is in Saudi Arabia, and in various independent nations of Africa where he tried to open his own mind and discover new solutions to problems at hand. He then continues to the current situation, and compares the "progress" that America had made to the progression of nations in Africa. Malcolm tells the audience that he had decided to model his newly formed organization after the Organization of African Unity, as he was impressed by how all nations were willing to work toward the elimination of colonialism by disregarding all differences. After a detailed explanation of the purpose of the OAAU, he continues with the "Basic Aims and Objectives of the Organization of Afro American Unity;" and dives into his ideograph. Beginning with establishment, Malcolm helps guide the audience by explaining why the sole purpose of it. Self-defense preaches that self-preservation is the first law of nature, and that the audience possesses the right to protect themselves and their property by whatever means necessary. Education focuses on the audience's right to educate themselves as a means of rediscovering and preserving their identity. During the politics economics section of the speech, the audience is reminded of the two powers within the United States that are structured to hold African Americans back. The arrangement and powerful delivery of each of these sections galvanized the audience and replenished their sense of empowerment. After revitalizing the audience, Malcom moves to the operational part of the organization, now that they are mesmerized, and explains the modest membership fees. The conclusion of this speech consisted of more details on the organization and its separation from the beliefs and practices of Black Muslims. Malcom X was not responding to a specific situation with his speech, not that he needed to do so. The racial turmoil of 60s was drastic enough for him to speak on. The outrage that flooded cities across the nation (particularly in the south) fueled his passion thereby allowing him to deliver a clear cut message with the help of newfound knowledge he acquired overseas. As mentioned before, Malcolm is separating himself From one hand, there was Martin Luther King, who was the preacher of the civil rights and liberty across the globe, regardless of race, gender and nationality. On the other hand, thereduti was Elijah Muhammed's Nation of Islam, founded in Detroit

Preferred Abbreviation for United States (US or U.S.)

Preferred Abbreviation for United States (US or U.S.) Even though the question of how to abbreviate  the  United States seems straightforward, as it happens, theres more than one preferred way to write it. But before getting into that, lets get it out of the way first to note that if your usage of the country name is a noun, spell it out rather than abbreviating it. If its an adjective, then how to do so becomes the question. (And obviously, if youre writing something formal, youll want to follow the style guide to which  youre assigned to adhere.) Use Periods In general, newspaper style guides  in the United States (in particular, the Associated Press Stylebook (AP) and The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage) recommend U.S. (periods, no space).  The American Psychological Association (APA) Publication Manual, which is used for writing academic papers, agrees about using the periods. In headlines under AP style, however, its  postal style US (no periods). And the abbreviated form of United States of America is USA (no periods).   Dont Use Periods- Sometimes Scientific style guides say to omit periods in capitalized abbreviations; thus render them  US  and USA (no periods, no spaces).  The Chicago Manual of Style (2017) agrees- but Chicago allows for exceptions: Use no periods with abbreviations that appear in full capitals, whether two letters or more and even if lowercase letters appear within the abbreviation: VP, CEO, MA, MD, PhD, UK, US, NY, IL (but see the next rule).In publications using traditional state abbreviations, use periods to abbreviate United States and its states and territories: U.S., N.Y., Ill. Note, however, that Chicago recommends using the two-letter postal codes (and therefore US) wherever abbreviations are used. So what to do? Choose either U.S. or US  for the piece youre writing and then stick with it, or follow the guidance that your instructor, publisher, or client prefers. As long as youre consistent in usage, neither way will look like an error. Legal Citations in Bibliographies, Footnotes, Etc. If youre using Chicago style and have legal-context citations in your bibliography, reference list, footnotes, or endnotes, youll use periods, such as in Supreme Court decisions, statute numbering, and the like. For example, when a law is incorporated into the United States Code, it has a U.S.C. designation, such as here, in this example note from Chicago: Homeland Security Act of 2002, 6 U.S.C.  § 101 (2012). In the case of Supreme Court decisions, theyre attributed to the  United States Reports  (abbreviated U.S.), like in this note: Citizens United, 558 U.S. at 322. Next, a  note referencing the U.S. Constitution is abbreviated U.S. Const. British Style Guidance Note that British style guides  recommend US (no periods, no space) in all cases: Do not use full points in abbreviations, or spaces between initials, including those in proper names: US, mph, eg, 4am, Ibw, MS, No 10, AN Wilson, WH Smith, etc. (Guardian Style, 2010). Because American and British styles differ, notes Amy Einsohn, CBE [Scientific Style and Format: The CE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers] recommends eliminating periods in most abbreviations as the most efficient way to create an international style (The Copyeditors Handbook, 2007).

Juvenile gang in Birmingham, AL Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Juvenile gang in Birmingham, AL - Research Paper Example This paper will examine the nature of gang problem in Birmingham, Alabama. Gang presence in Birmingham, Alabama is a real problem just as it is in the various states that make up the US. A gang may be defined as a group of 2 or more people, who come together for the common purpose of acquiring financial and/or political benefits through illegal means (Delaney, 2005). To achieve this, gang members utilize violence, intimidation, harassment and other unconventional means to establish and maintain their influence and significance in areas, which they perceive as their territories. Gangs, therefore, are a major threat to security within their areas of operation and though the federal government and state governments have continued to arrest and prosecute gang members, not much has been achieved (Delaney, 2005). This paper is a critical evaluation of gangs and gang related crimes in Birmingham, Alabama. Gang violence in Birmingham, Alabama is not a new phenomenon especially due to the fact that it is one of the places in the US, which are rich destinations for immigrants (Howell, 2011). However, the authorities, in the past, have continued to downplay and under report gang existence probably in an effort to mask their inability to deal with the problem. On the other hand, some law enforcers and community leaders especially in the FBI gang taskforce have acknowledged the rising cases of gang behavior especially in the young population comprising mostly of school children. The taskforce observed that immigration of people of Hispanic origin to the region has been one of the major contributing factors to gang behavior in the area as they are known to have the culture of influencing and participating in organized criminal activities such as drug and gun trafficking. Reports indicate that gangs, such as SUR 13, which is highly associated with Mexican mafia, have

Arthur Miller Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Arthur Miller - Research Paper Example As a student in the University of Michigan, Miller pursued journalism as his major but soon changed it to English. This change opened the doors for him as a playwright. During his time in college, his greatest influence was from his professor and lifelong friend Professor Kenneth Rowe (Wald, 2007). Miller’s first recognition came from the first play he ever wrote known as ‘No Villain’ while still studying journalism as his major. This play marked a turning point in Miller’s academics. For this play, Miller received the Avery Hope Award putting him on the map of playwrights. He continued to write even after graduating from college pursuing a profession in scripting. In 1946, he wrote ‘All My Sons’ and this play sealed his status as a scriptwriter and won him the best author Tony Award for its success on Broadway. His other influential works that people appreciate to this day are Death of a Salesman and the Crucible. Crucible got him into trouble with the (HUAC) House Un-American Activities Committee. To this day, his playwright known as Death of a Salesman, can be considered among his best pieces (Fisher, 2009). The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) got interested in the Millers works after the release of the Crucible. Here, Miller had likened them to the Salem witch hunters of 1692. Miller got the idea of the Crucible from his friend Kazan who had betrayed him by naming names in front of the HUAC. Miller then travelled to Massachusetts to a town called Salem to research on the 1692 Witch trials. Miller's friend, Kazan, testified and named him as part of the eight people in his list of people in the Communist party. This in turn, increased the HUAC’s interest in him. Despite him overcoming HUAC’s accusations, the HUAC’s actions significantly affected Miller's life (Wald, 2007). Miller’s personal life was also in the limelight after his marriage to his second wife Marilyn Monroe. Monr oe was an actress and her life had been the object of intense scrutiny by the public. He married Marlin in June of 1956 after he ended his first marriage to Mary Slattery. Miller and Slattery had two children. Miller had met Monroe in 1951 and had an affair with her. After this affair, they kept in touch. His marriage to Monroe coincided with his tribulations with the HUAC, of which Monroe accompanied him. However, these trials put Monroe's career at risk because of the accusations made against Miller at the time. The HUAC had found Miller guilty when he refused to name other people who supported Communist activities. This led to Miller’s US passport to be revoked. The judge’s decision became overturned by the appeal courts on grounds of misleading the witness. This can be based on the fact that Miller had made a deal with the judge to appear before the court which had subpoenaed him earlier to testify without naming any other person (Fisher, 2009). He buried himself i n his work. ‘The Misfits’ was the film he wrote of which Marilyn his wife was starring. Before its debut in 1961, the couple divorced. Miller remarked that, during scripting of the movie, he underwent one of the most undesirable instances of his life. The death of Monroe also cast some light back on Miller because she died just nineteen months after she and Miller had divorced. Monroe died from a drug overdose. Miller moved on to his next wife who he remained married to till her until his death in 2002. Inge Morath was a photographer by profession. Miller and Morath had two

Gun Control Essay Example for Free

Gun Control Essay The debate on gun control has raised certain issues that need to be addressed in order to lower the deaths of American citizens from gun shots. This term paper discusses the issue of the gun control policy. The topic has raised many questions, because there are people who oppose any action taken by the government to abolish possession of the fire arms, while others support the gun control policy. However, thinking of the issue carefully, you will agree with me, that there is need for the government to control the possession of guns. Last year in June, the Supreme Court ruled that Americans had a right to keep guns at their homes, but only for self defense. It also ruled in favor of the possession of hand guns, saying that they are easier to handle, and that the party defending himself could point it towards the burglar, while he uses the other hand to dial up the police. Am not saying that the possession of the guns is a bad idea, but looking at the negative side of it, the crime rates will probably increase as the years move on. Why? Because if the government does not do anything to control the guns situation, dangerous criminals will have easy access to guns, which will obviously translate to an increase in the crimes committed. It is also surprising to note that even the gun control activists no longer put much effort in the campaign as they are expected to by the Americans. A good example s the school shooting incidences that occurred in 2001, on the month of March, where there were shooting incidences at two schools in Pennsylvania and California. People expected the then New York senator Charles E Schumer, who was a supporter of the gun control policy, to take serious actions on this incidence. But to the shock of many supporters of the policy, he simply suggested that the gun owners should set a code of ethics on a voluntary basis on the use of guns. This was a very cold response from a supporter of the gun control movement, which in 2000 almost had the government change the law on guns. Sarah Brandy, a member of the Hand Gun control had once addressed millions of people at a march. She told the Americans that if they had to make the future better, then they had to force the government to change the law on gun use. She also suggested to the people that if the government didnt consider changing the laws, then in the coming, election, (the 2001 November election), Americans would elect in a government that would see the gun control policy changed into a law. However, this dream never came true. The former president Bush was elected in, and he was a supporter of the anti gun control policy. The election of Mr. Bush, who had been an ally with the N. R. A, brought down all the hope and the possibilities of ever changing the gun policies that were in use then. The former president, as the Texas senator went ahead to sign laws that made it hard for the Americans to sue the manufacturers of weapons like guns, and those that made it legal for people to walk around with guns. (Dao James, 2001) It is not until the election of a new president, President Obama, that Americans have had the hope of seeing a change in the gun policies. The new president supports the gun control policy. Te issue on the gun control was a big debate, as his running mate Mc Cain supported Mr. Bush’s gun policies. He said that he did not see ant problem with the Americans keeping guns. President Obama said that he saw a number of American homes with guns, but he did not see the need for the Americans to keep the guns in their homes. There is some hope that he won’t destroy the hopes of his many fans and supporters. The gun control history has been dated from as early as the 1700s. The 1700 amendment on gun policies did not ever change the practice that was there in the past of keeping guns away from the wrong people. Moreover, it did not keep the militia from owning the guns. Americans who could buy the custom made guns for their personal uses continued to do so with much ease as the gun control regulations had been lessened and favored them. Te need to keep the fire arms for militia use was not the priority of the American men. The second amendment on the gun control saw the total number of the people that owned the guns increase rapidly. Even then, the constitutional analysts disagreed with the laws that allowed the citizens to own fire arms, especially if they were not in the military. Coming to the 1900s, guns control was still an issue, not only in America, but also in other countries like England and France. There is a need to make strict or to take serious, the two Acts; the 1934 National Forearms Act and the 1968 Gun Control Act, which were big steps towards establishing policies on gun Act. These two would provide good guidelines to making policies that can be effective. The 1934 Act made a strict law that anyone with a gun had to register with the authorities. There was also a tax charge on the ownership of short barreled guns and machine guns. On the other hand, the 1968 Act put an end to the sale of guns through the mail order services. There were also changes that the interstate selling of guns and fire arms be illegal. It was also illegal for minors to own or handle any sort of fire arms in any way. There was a limited access to the then newly manufactured weapons. The manufacturers, weapon dealers and those who carried out any activities on the sale of the weapons had to obtain a license from the responsible authorities. Other efforts that have been made on the gun control policy implementation were by the 106th congress. The congress suggested that there be a background check at the gun shows to ensure that no selling activities are done during the shows. It also enforced the use of fire arm locks, in order to prevent any gun shot accidents. There was also a proposal to increase the controls on the use and ownership of guns and other assault weapons. These were good proposals that would have changed the guns situation in America. Despite the mention of these proposals by the congress, none of them were enacted. Using the media to gain American’s support on the gun control policy The use of the media to promote the gun control campaign would be effective. All the Americans have access to the media, be it trough the news paper, the televisions, the radio, the websites or by use of the bill boards. In my efforts to support the gun control campaign, I would set advertisements in the television media, all to be aired at the same time and regularly, especially at prime time when most people are watching. It is also important to post the advertisement at the most watched television channels like CNN or BBC. This would be expensive, so funds are needed to support the campaign. Inviting donors to support the media advertisements is a good way to fund the petition. Featuring the crimes and the deaths that have occurred as a result of the gun exposure to people is also an important step towards the gun control petition. Another way to influence the media is to talk to the media owners and any other persons who might have an influence on what the media airs. Further more, advertising such a petition on the news papers would attract peoples attention on the issue. Creating websites and making cites where people can sign to show their support for the gun control petition is another way that might not only show the number of people that support the petition, but also to know the intensity at which the Americans support the petition. The main aim of using the media would be to make those who are not aware of the campaign more informed, and to convince, persuade or to change the minds of anti gun control Americans. The media will also give people the reason as to why they should support the gun control policies. Influencing the law makers. These are the government officials and politicians who have an influence on the laws that govern the country. It is true that you cant force the politicians to do what you want them to do, but you can either gain or buy their influence on the issues that are of your interest and that will make you achieve your goals. To do this, you have to earn the trust of the politicians, and this can be possible through the things that you say or do to them. Building good relationships with those that have influence in the government decisions and policies, including those that are not in support of the petition. You may also want to look for a way to favor the decision makers, so that in a way, you are also favoring them while as well reaching your goals. For example, helping them achieve their political goals may be a motivation to them to support the gun control petition. Respecting them and their decisions is also a way of acknowledging their superiority, which might lead them to listening to what you have to tell them, hence gaining their attention. Changes that I would like to see on the gun act The government should amend the current law on guns. It has made it very easy to gain accessibility to guns, just as it is easy to buy bread at the local store. That is why there should be implementations that will make it hard for criminals to get guns. The police should prioritize the cracking down of illegal gun owners so that the number of youths with guns reduces, and this will also lead to a drop in the number of crimes carried out using guns. This exercise should also make it hard for the criminals to obtain guns and other fire arms. A recent study that was conducted through administration of interviews with gang members and illegal gun dealers said that if guns were harder to obtain, then definitely the number of crimes committed using the guns would decrease. The death rates of victims from violent and brutal attacks would also decrease. Statistics have shown that out of the approximated 18000 annual homicides, only a third lacks a gun involvement. Research has also shown that gun violence costs the American society about 100 billion dollars per year. (Cook P. etal, 2000) If the government made amendments on the gun laws, then they would save America a lot of lives and money. Some States like Chicago have strict rules about gun controls. The law makers should ensure that such strict regulations are imposed and made in to law. The gun control policy should also consider allowing the hunters to keep their guns. Most hunters do not keep their guns for purposes of committing crimes, but as sport equipment. One of the reasons why hunters should be allowed to have guns is because they help keep the deer population in control. If they are denied the right to own and keep guns, then the deer population is gong to increase. Banning the hunters from keeping the guns would be dangerous for the deer as the population increase would mean that the food would decrease. The second amendment law therefore needs to be kept. Also, if hunters are not allowed to keep guns, there will be a shortage of the funds used to maintain and conserve the wildlife habitats. The licensing fee and taxes paid by the hunters for their guns is used to maintain the national parks. Statistics show that most of the funds come from the payments made on the guns. Should the hunters be restricted from hunting with guns, they will use other ways to hunt, like practicing drive hunts. This is hunting done by hitting the animals with the cars. It is a very dangerous way of hunting and could lead to huge accidents or worse, deaths. It should also be noted that hunting is also a good sport that is supported by most Americans. The law makers should regulate the gun policies, but allow the hunters to keep the guns so as not to take away what some people enjoy doing. I would also like to see the new laws on guns allow the honest people keep their guns for the sake of protecting themselves. It is said that for every 13 seconds, an American uses a gun to defend himself against a criminal. New policies should see to it that ownership of guns for the purpose of protecting and defending oneself should not be confused with the intentions of the criminals and other bandits. A good reason why the support for the guns for defense purposes should be is because Americans can not entirely be dependent on the police for their safety. It should be known that the police do not actually prevent the crime from occurring, but they only intervene after the crime has already been committed. It is in very rare occasions that the police have arrived at a crime scene before the crime is done. Another reason for the keeping of the guns for self defense is that a world where homes are not allowed to defend them selves with guns is more prone to death through shootings by criminals. Restricting the use of guns for self defense in a society that is full of crimes involving guns is not doing the society any good. Instead, regulations should be set on restricting the criminals from accessing the guns. (Kleck G, 1997) Gun registration and court sentences There should be a national wide program to ensure that any person that purchases a gun is registered in the system. For example, a person who lives in New York, which has strict gun laws, is in need of a gun; he can go to a State with less strict laws on the guns, ask a friend who lives there to buy a gun for him and then smuggles the gun back to New York. Even though that is an illegal practice, people still do it and the bottom line will be that the person will be in possession of a gun. There should be severe punishments for those who buy the guns for others incase they are caught. That would be enough to scare them. Also, if there were strict laws on gun purchases, then no person would purchase a gun for the other. I would also suggest that the waiting period during the purchase of the guns be extended instead of being one day as some people want it to. A thorough background check on the gun purchasers is also important. Individuals involved in juvenile cases, any misdemeanors and any fishy backgrounds should not be allowed town or carry guns around. The sentences imposed on criminals who use guns should be increased to scare any criminals intending to commit a crime. Emphasis on measures to control crime, (education. ) Studies have shown that there is a direct relationship between crime offenders and lack of education. This occurs when the youth and teenagers are idle because they have no jobs or do not attend school. They tend to involve themselves in illegal activities, among them the possession of illegal fire arms and using them to commit crimes. Parents have been advised to invest in educating their children because this will prevent them from becoming criminals and would also make the rate of the crimes to drop. A lot of money is spent in catering for the cost of the crimes committed with guns, including the hospital bills and buying the fire arms. Gun education should also be an important part of the gun act, where it can be a requirement for gun purchasers to undergo a special education to ensure that they are able to handle guns. Arguments against my position Although guns are an advantage, they too have serious disadvantages. The obvious problem is that they make injuring or killing people very easy. There are different types of murders; the premeditated first degree murder, in which the killer could kill, whether there is the presence of the gun or not, or given more time to think of how to kill the person. Then, theres murder during the process of committing a crime, murder among friends, lovers, or the careless murder committed by criminals just any how. There are also the injuries as a result of gun crimes, but are not sufficient enough to cause death. Deaths because of gun wounds are decreasing, not because people are not killing anymore, but because the doctors are getting more equipped on treating gun wounds. The presence of a gun when committing the crime makes the crime more lethal. If the murder is that of an acquaintance or between any close people, then the presence of the gun makes it easier to kill, because it is fast. The person does not think of what he is doing, until after he has already killed the other. This is especially common with people who get angry easily and have an easy access to guns. Although it is reasonable to keep guns for self defense, they may also be a reason to cause us harm. Guns are also an aid for people who want to commit suicide. Research shows that residents of homes that have a gun are likely to commit suicide five times more than of the homes where there is no access to guns. There are controversies on whether suicide is illegal or immoral, but that doesnt change the fact that guns make the suicide much easier, especially when the victim is depressed, or is under drug influence. Arguments against my proposal The imposition of more strict rules on the gun control act will not prevent the criminals from committing crimes. Why, because there are other available weapons which can be used to kill or injure other people. These are weapons such as knives, machetes, clubs or any other object that can kill. More recent studies have also shown that when murder is committed using a gun, the probability that it would still have occurred if a knife was used is twice that of the gun.

Down Syndrome Essay examples -- Mental Retardation Mentally Retarded

Down syndrome Down syndrome takes its name from Dr. Langdon Down. He was the first person to describe the syndrome in 1866. The earliest recorded incident of someone having Down syndrome dates back to an altar piece painted in a church in Aachen, Germany in 1504. Although the syndrome is named after Dr Langdon Down, he did not understand the condition, as we know it today. The syndrome was referred to as having mongolism. This was because people who have Down syndrome have similar physical characteristics to those people of oriental heritage. The diagnosis of the syndrome can be made shortly after birth. Most parents who find out their child has it have conflicting emotions. These can include shock, feelings of disbelief, feelings of sorrow, guilt and feelings of embarrassment. In the past, most babies who had Down syndrome were put into an institution. Today the trend is to keep the child at home and have the child became a functioning member of society. Having a handicapped child can cause great stress. There is also a problem of explaining the condition to the other siblings. Down syndrome should not be explained to the other siblings as an illness. They should be told the child has a handicap. Parents should also be careful not to spend all their time with the child that has Down syndrome and spend equal time with all their children. Other relatives and friends should be told as soon as possible. It will normally make other people uncomfortable. They may not understand what the parent is feeling and say inappropriate things. Down syndrome is one of the most common chromomal defects. It occurs in about 1 out of 800 births. The probability of having a child with Down syndrome increases with the mother’s age. The rate for women in their twenties is about 1 in 2000 births. This number increases dramatically for a women in her forties to about 1 in 100. The cause of Down syndrome is an extra chromosome. In 95 percent of the cases, the child has three instead of two chromosomes on the 21 chromosome. There is a test called amniocentesis that can tell the mother if her child will have Down syndrome. Amniocentesis involves inserting a needle into the amniotic sac to withdraw a small about of the amniotic fluid. The cells in the fluid are then analyzed to see if the child has Down syndrome. There is small risk of a miscarriage or infection to the uteru... ... to enjoy life in a way that other people cannot. They were so grateful for the attention that you showed them. Just like anyone else, they had their good days and bad days. The clients that had Downs were always the first ones on the dance floor when they had parties and they always had a smile on their face. In the last twenty years, there has been a push to get mental retarded people into the mainstream of society. Most adults with Downs syndrome will need some help daily activties. Independent living centers has replaced large institutions. These living centers usually have about four to twelve clients living there, the center I worked at had two houses and there were ten people in each house. They worked at a company putting wicks in candles and really enjoyed their job. They were responsible for cleaning their rooms and bathrooms. They also had different chores to do around the house such as mopping the floor and helping with dinner. Every night there were activities planned such as watching movies or doing arts and crafts. It was a great experience working with the clients. That is one of the main reason I decided to go back to school and pursue a degree in social work.

Economic factors affecting food choice Essay

The aim of this research is to find the economic factors that affect a person’s food choice for example the amount of disposable income, family size and spending patterns. This then helps us to decide a suitable dish for our chosen practical. This research helps understand the relationship between quality of diet and disposable income and how are eating patterns have changed from the past. Disposable income The amount of money left after tax and other deductions have been made is called the disposable income. The amount of money spent on food cooked at home has declined even though the disposable income has risen since the 1980s. Disposable income affects the food you eat because you tend to eat out more frequently, spend more money on premium ranges of ready prepared foods and shop at more expensive supermarkets and specialist shops if you have more disposable income. However families with less disposable income tend to spend more on convenience foods and snack foods. It takes careful budgeting and shopping around for cheaper prices to provide healthy meals for low income families. Family size and spending patterns Family size also affects how much you spend on food because declining family size and an increase in single person household has led to a change in patterns of spending on food as couples and single adult households spend more per person on food. Whereas due to larger families having young children with smaller appetites less is spent per person on food, also because less food is wasted in larger families. Larger families may also buy in bulk or shop around for cheaper prices or offers such as three for the price of two and buy one get one free. There is an increase in single person households because of an ageing population where there are more elderly people than young people in a population and due to more young, single people living alone.

My Role as a Nurse in Canada

Collaboration implies working together for the greater good, but it actually encompasses far more. Several preconditions must be in place in order for collaboration to be successful. As a nurse in a health care setting, collaboration is very important to facilitate better patient outcomes. During my practice in the hospital communication is vital for collaborative nursing to be successful. Team work is the key for all staff member. Working together requires communication. As healthcare professionals, we need to look at the whole picture and meet all of the needs of our patients.As nurses, it is essential that we give up some power and trust that other members of the team are just as important in providing comprehensive, quality care. With that in mind, we will always do what is best for our patients, even when that means relinquishing some control. In my experience I rely on the nursing aids as my eyes and ears because they are in the frontline but maintaining professional roles. In the role of teacher, I am frequently asked health, medication and growth and development questions.He or she also often provides additional details on a diagnosis not quite understood by patient or family members, the nurse helps clients learn about their health and the health care procedures they need to perform to restore or maintain their health. I assess the client’s learning needs and readiness to learn, sets specific learning goals in conjunction with the client, enacts teaching strategies and measures learning. Another form of role is a Nurse educator, combine clinical expertise and a passion for teaching into rich and rewarding careers.These professionals, who work in the classroom and the practice setting, are responsible for preparing and mentoring current and future generations of nurses. I have been in the academe for 4 years as a Nurse educators I have a pivotal role in strengthening the nursing workforce, serving as role models and providing the leadership neede d to implement evidence-based practice. As a nurse educator I express a high degree of satisfaction with my work. Watching future nurses grow in confidence and skill as the most rewarding aspects of this job. The nurse is a caregiver first and foremost.Nurse Caregiver is the one who give love and care to the people that need someone that can care not only physical and also the emotional and also the love that needed of the people with special needs and also to the aged person. I can definitely relate to this role because I have been a care giver before and it gives me much fulfillment as a nurse to see someone smiles and give gratitude for the tender loving care that you give them. Counselling is a process of helping a client to recognize and cope with stressful psychological or social problems, to developed improved interpersonal relationships, and to promote personal growth.It involves providing emotional, intellectual, and psychological support. In my practice as a nurse I encoun tered lots of situation wherein a patient or family member needed counselling regarding health related issues. As a counsellor I give information regarding their health related issues and assess how effective are the patient coping with it, based on my assessment that I patterned my intervention. Sometimes the nurse must serve as patient advocate in helping loved ones make difficult decisions. Providing education and detailed information regarding treatment options is only the beginning.The nurse asks for input from patient and families. That, in addition, to his/her own observations about each patient – and the knowledge from caring for hundreds of other patients – allows the nurse to best create an individualized care plan. As a Client advocate I acts to protect the client. In this role the nurse i represent the client’s needs and wishes to other health professionals, such as relaying the client’s wishes for information to the physician. I also assist c lients in exercising their rights and help them speak up for themselves. Communication is an integral to all nursing roles.Nurses communicate with the client, support persons, other health professionals, and people in the community. In the role of communicator, nurses identify client problems and then communicate these verbally or in writing to other members of the health team. The quality of a nurse’s communication is an important factor in nursing care. In my practice I usually communicate with other health professional regarding the most effective intervention for the client, like referring them to a specialist or to a social worker, helping the client achieve the optimal health status possible.The nurse has significant responsibility as a supervisor of delegated or assigned activities. Each person involved in this process is accountable for his or her own actions or inaction and is potentially liable if competent and safe care is not provided. Certainly, the educational p reparation and demonstrated ability of the person who will perform the designated act must be evaluated by the nurse making the decision to delegate tasks to others. In my practice decision to delegate essentially involves the use of the nursing process, i. e. appropriate assessment of the circumstances (staff available and patient acuity), planning, implementation, and evaluation by the delegator. It is up to me to make a professional judgment based upon the information available for me in each specific situation. Every day, nurses are responsible for the health and well-being of their patients. Regardless of specialty or work setting, perform basic duties that include treating patients, educating patients and the public about various medical conditions, and providing advice and emotional support to patients' family members.Doing this roles of nurses are basically the same in any work setting, with my education and experience I am very confident that I can do this roles when I prac tice as a registered nurse here in Canada, although there are some anxiety involved regarding the whole process, but I feel confident that I can do the job because I already have the experience being a licensed practical nurse first then moving up to becoming a registered nurse plus my previous experience as a registered nurse in the Philippines. The management and leadership competencies that I currently possess, and comfortable of using is communication.Because I am a type of person that is very organized and to be able to achieve this is to have a good communication with other members of the team, and I am very comfortable in speaking the English language because back home in the Philippines we are use to using English as a medium for instruction so there not much adjustment on my part. Barriers for this competency that might challenge me is the possibility of sending or receiving incorrect messages. So it is essential that we know the key components of the communication process, how to improve our skills, and the potential problems that exist with errors in communication.After I graduates from nursing school and gets my Registered Nurse (RN) license in the Philippines, somehow I got to possess some fundamental leadership skills to apply to direct patient care. I would identify more to a directive autocrat type of leadership, because for me it would be more effective to direct each team member to do a specific task to complete, ensuring that command and supervision as to what to do, and see to it that it gets completed accordingly. Positive side of this type of leadership is that the nurse leader tries to ensure that the whole unite works as a team to get the tasks done.

Spina Bifida essays

Spina Bifida essays Spina bifida is a congenital defect that is present at the birth of a child. It is caused by problems with early development of the spine with the main defect being the failure of the closure of the vertebral column that is the bony column that surrounds the spinal cord. Without this closure, the spinal cord is not afforded the usual protection of the vertebrae, and is left open to either mechanical injury or invasion by However, spina bifida may be treated with utero surgery. While this is a risky yet promising procedure, it appears to improve short-term outcomes (Worcester, 2003). Dr. Joseph Bruner, professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Vanderbilt, states that, "To date, more than 250 surgeries to repair the lesions associated with spina bifida have been performed at centers such as Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, the University of California, San Francisco, and Vanderbilt University." In utero repair has several advantages over postnatal surgery. They include potentially fewer urinary infections, less gastrointestinal reflux, improved fetal leg function and cognitive development, and less need for shunt placement with The most reoccurring type of spina bifida is an opening in the spine that appears in the body midline anywhere from the neck to the buttocks area. This may be detected before birth and a pediatric surgeon may be available to perform surgery upon birth. Since the spinal cord is not developed properly, the defect may be much more subtle, and may, in fact, be covered with skin, while in spinal rachischisis, the most severe form of spina bifida, the entire length of the spine may be open. The cause of spina bifida may be a combination of genetic factors along with environmental influences that bring about malformation of the spine and spinal column. While all of the reasons that contribute to the ...

A Short History of the Chinese in Cuba

A Short History of the Chinese in Cuba The Chinese first arrived in Cuba in significant numbers in the late 1850s to toil in Cuba’s sugarcane fields. At that time, Cuba was arguably the largest producer of sugar in the world. Due to the diminishing African slave trade after England’s abolition of slavery in 1833 and the decline of slavery in the United States, a labor shortage in Cuba led plantation owners to search for workers elsewhere. China emerged as the labor source following deep social upheaval after the First and Second Opium Wars. Changes in the farming system, a surge in population growth, political discontentment, natural disasters, banditry, and ethnic strife- especially in southern China- led many farmers and peasants to leave China and look for work overseas. While some willingly left China for contract work in Cuba, others were coerced into semi-indentured servitude. The First Ship On June 3, 1857, the first ship arrived in Cuba carrying about 200 Chinese laborers on eight-year contracts. In many cases, these Chinese â€Å"coolies† were treated just as the African slaves were. The situation was so severe that the imperial Chinese government even sent investigators to Cuba in 1873 to look into a large number of suicides by Chinese laborers in Cuba, as well as allegations of abuse and breach of contract by plantation owners. Shortly after, the Chinese labor trade was prohibited and the last ship carrying Chinese laborers reached Cuba in 1874. Establishing a Community Many of these laborers intermarried with the local population of Cubans, Africans, and mixed-race women. Miscegenation laws forbade them to marry Spaniards. These Cuban-Chinese began to develop a distinct community. At its height, in the late 1870s, there were more than 40,000 Chinese in Cuba. In Havana, they established â€Å"El Barrio Chino† or Chinatown, which grew to 44 square blocks and was once the largest such community in Latin America. In addition to working in the fields, they opened shops, restaurants, and laundries and worked in factories. A unique fusion Chinese-Cuban cuisine melding Caribbean and Chinese flavors also emerged. Residents developed community organizations and social clubs, such as the Casino Chung Wah, founded in 1893. This community association continues to assist the Chinese in Cuba today with education and cultural programs. The Chinese-language weekly, Kwong Wah Po also still publishes in Havana. At the turn of the century, Cuba saw another wave of Chinese migrants – many coming from California. The 1959 Cuban Revolution Many Chinese Cubans participated in the anti-colonial movement against Spain. There were even three Chinese-Cuban Generals who served pivotal roles in the Cuban Revolution. There still stands a monument in Havana dedicated to the Chinese that fought in the revolution. By the 1950s however, the Chinese community in Cuba was already diminishing, and following the revolution, many also left the island. The Cuban revolution did create an increase in relations with China for a short time. Cuban leader Fidel Castro severed diplomatic ties with Taiwan in 1960, recognizing and establishing formal ties with the People’s Republic of China and Mao Zedong. But the relationship did not last long. Cuba’s friendship with the Soviet Union and Castro’s public criticism of China’s 1979 invasion of Vietnam became a sticking point for China. Relations warmed again in the 1980s during China’s economic reforms. Trade and diplomatic tours increased. By the 1990s, China was Cuba’s second largest trade partner. Chinese leaders visited the island several times in the 1990s and 2000s and further increased economic and technological agreements between the two countries. In its prominent role on the United Nations Security Council, China has long opposed U.S. sanctions on Cuba. The Cuban Chinese Today It’s estimated that Chinese Cubans (those who were born in China) only number about 400 today. Many are elderly residents who live near the run-down Barrio Chino. Some of their children and grandchildren still work in the shops and restaurants near Chinatown. Community groups are currently working to economically revitalize Havana’s Chinatown into a tourist destination. Many Cuban Chinese also migrated overseas. Well-known Chinese-Cuban restaurants have been established in New York City and Miami.

Fatigue problems facing pilot crewmembers in today's aviation world Essay

Fatigue problems facing pilot crewmembers in today's aviation world - Essay Example Fatigue has significant physiological and performance consequences because it is essential that all flight crewmembers remain aware and play their role in flight safety by their observations and actions. As fatigue is a safety concern, this discussion will describe the symptoms of fatigue along with its physical and psychological effects specific to airline pilots. Fatigue is a normal response to many conditions customary to flight procedures because of the sleep loss due to erratic shift work and long duty rotations. Many factors can contribute to fatigue in the commercial aviation environment but the term, ‘fatigue,’ has yet to be defined in a tangible manner. In reference to human functioning capabilities, fatigue refers to deterioration in human performance, arising as a consequence of several potential factors, including sleepiness resulting in a decreased ability to maintain function or workload due to mental or physical stress. Sleepiness has a less ambiguous definition. â€Å"Sleepiness, according to an emerging consensus among sleep researchers and clinicians, is a basic physiological state (like) hunger or thirst. Deprivation or restriction of sleep increases sleepiness and as hunger or thirst is reversible by eating or drinking, respectively, sleep reverses sleepiness† (Roth et al, 1994). The term has been descri bed as a range of experiences such as sleepy tired or exhausted. Sleep loss and circadian rhythm interruption, (a disturbance of the normal sleeping pattern), are the two major physiological phenomena that have been demonstrated to create fatigue. The only effective treatment for fatigue is adequate sleep (Caldwell, 1997). Many conditions contribute to fatigue including the length of time awake, the amount of continuous time doing a task, the lack of sleep and circadian rhythm disruption. As fatigue progresses it is responsible for increased errors judgment, followed by